News & Updates
The latest news and updates from companies in the WLTH portfolio.
FengHe employs unconventional model to outperform markets
FengHe Fund Management co-founder Matt Hu is continuing to scale one of Asia's fastest-growing hedge funds using an unusually centralised and highly structured investment process, according to a report by Bloomberg. The Singapore-based long-short equity manager blends strict decision-making discipline with unorthodox lifestyle habits including long naps and early-morning running sessions. The firm has expanded rapidly with assets rising to nearly $9bn as of the end of March and more than doubling over the past 15 months. The firm is targeting $20bn in the next two years, supported by strong performance and steady inflows from global institutional investors. Hu maintains direct control over final investment decisions, with analysts generating ideas but not holding discretionary trading authority. Investment proposals must pass a detailed review process involving extensive quantitative and qualitative questionnaires, with low-scoring ideas automatically rejected before reaching him. Despite the centralised structure, FengHe has delivered strong results, reporting a 27% net return in 2025, supported by successful positions in major technology and industrial names. The firm has recorded only one year of net losses since its launch in 2012, according to company executives. The investment process is designed to reduce behavioural bias and groupthink. Analysts typically work independently in partitioned offices and collaborate primarily through internal messaging channels, while Hu monitors discussions and provides continuous feedback. He reviews investment proposals early each morning and approves or rejects trades before the start of the trading day. The model reflects Hu's preference for systematised decision-making, with strict risk controls including rapid de-risking when portfolio drawdowns reach predefined thresholds. He has described his role as enforcing discipline rather than generating individual trade ideas. Hu's approach also extends to workplace culture. Analysts are encouraged to focus on structured research output rather than consensus building, and compensation is used as a key retention tool, with several employees receiving multi-million-dollar bonuses after strong performance in 2025. However, questions remain over scalability as the firm grows. Some industry participants have raised concerns about whether a single decision-maker model can efficiently manage larger asset bases without creating bottlenecks in investment approval. FengHe's investor base includes sovereign wealth funds, family offices and private banks across Asia, Europe and the US, with exposure broadly diversified across technology supply chains, industrials, financials and healthcare. The firm is also experimenting with artificial intelligence tools in portfolio construction. An internal AI-driven system has been deployed to generate trade ideas in Japanese equities, initially delivering strong performance before experiencing more volatile results during recent market turbulence.
Trump's Unconventional Executive Order Ignites Surge in Four Key Stocks - Internewscast Journal
Today, stocks of prominent marijuana companies are experiencing a significant surge amid reports suggesting that President Donald Trump may soon sign an executive order concerning the legal status of cannabis. According to a plan under the Trump administration, initially reported by Axios, marijuana might be reclassified as a Schedule III drug, aligning it with common prescription painkillers. Currently, it is classified as a Schedule I drug, in the same category as cocaine and heroin. As news of the potential reclassification broke, shares of Canopy Growth (CGC) have soared by more than 20%. They are closely followed by Tilray Brands (TLRY), which has climbed 15%, and Aurora Cannabis (ABC), which has seen a rise of approximately 10%. Additionally, the AdvisorShares Pure US Cannabis exchange-traded fund (MSOS) has increased by nearly 20% today. This development marks a significant turn for marijuana stocks, which have underperformed in recent years. During Trump's first term, there was widespread investor anticipation that such rescheduling would occur, yet it never materialized. If marijuana is reclassified, it would represent one of the most substantial shifts in federal drug policy in decades. Such a move would significantly lower the barriers for researchers looking to explore legitimate uses for cannabis. This potential reclassification is not the Trump administration's first step towards loosening cannabis regulations. Last December, Trump signed an executive order directing the Department of Justice to begin drafting regulations for the drug's reclassification. 'I don't want it, okay,' said Trump in December. 'I'm not gonna be taking it. But a lot of people do want it. A lot of people need it.' The move comes just days after Trump signed an executive order to ease access to psychedelic drugs for medical research. Cannabis stocks have been an abysmal investment for years, but today's reports hold out hope for the long-neglected corner of the stock market - but investors must still proceed with caution. Many of the highest-profile pot stocks are Canadian companies or got their start in Canada, which legalized recreational cannabis use nationwide in October 2018 - the first major nation to do so. Take Tilray Brands - even among beaten-down marijuana stocks, this company has been an astonishing disappointment and a huge underperformer. The company went public to great fanfare in mid 2018, part of a rush to market by a whole crop of new marijuana companies eager to cash in on Trump's promises to loosen up laws governing cannabis. But between its peak in September 2018 and mid 2025, shares of the company lost 99 percent of their value - only perking up again over recent months as the Trump administration again started talking up marijuana rescheduling. Rescheduling would be a boon for stocks like Tilray, since federal prohibition has trumped state legalization efforts that have been under way for years. That's because companies that grow cannabis and sell marijuana products are still committing crimes under federal law, since they are trafficking in a schedule I drug. While the Department of Justice had broadly left company alone due to state legalization, IRS tax law prohibits the companies from accessing common sources of financing or taking essential deductions and credits. A downgrade to schedule III would eliminate the tax problems and give companies access to better financing and investing options. 'The reclassification to schedule III will have a material impact on the valuation of cannabis stocks,' wrote Matt Karnes, founder of cannabis industry financial analysis and research firm GreenWave Advisors. Back in December, Trump's executive order directed the Drug Enforcement Agency to undertake work to prepare for the rescheduling marijuana. But according to analysts, there has been little progress on the issue since then, and even Trump has expressed frustrations over the delay. 'Will you get the rescheduling done, please?' Trump said Saturday, appearing to direct his comments toward White House officials.
SpaceX IPO Rewrites The Playbook For Rocket Lab (NASDAQ:RKLB)
Risks include SpaceX absorbing sector capital and execution challenges, but I see no reason to sell RKLB given its strategic trajectory. I am more bullish now on Rocket Lab (RKLB) because the SpaceX (SPACE) IPO is likely to reframe the entire sector around platform economics rather than pure launch metrics, and Rocket Lab Pythia Research focuses on multi-bagger stocks, primarily in the technology sector. Our approach combines financial analysis, behavioral finance, psychology, social sciences, and alternative metrics to assess companies with high conviction and asymmetric risk-reward potential. By leveraging both traditional and unconventional insights, we aim to uncover breakout opportunities before they gain mainstream attention. Our multidisciplinary strategy helps us navigate market sentiment, identify emerging trends, and invest in transformative businesses poised for exponential growth. We don't just follow the market -- we anticipate where disruption will create the next big winners.Markets don't move purely on fundamentals; they move on perception, emotion, and bias. We lean into that reality. Investor behavior, anchoring to past valuations, herd mentality during rallies, panic selling from recency bias, creates persistent inefficiencies. These moments of mispricing often mark the start of a breakout, not the end of one.Rather than avoid psychological noise, we analyze it. When the crowd sees volatility, we assess whether it's driven by emotion or fundamentals. Status quo bias can keep investors blind to companies redefining their category. Fear of uncertainty can delay recognition of businesses with clear but unconventional growth paths. We look for these disconnects.Our process blends deep research with signals others miss: sudden shifts in narrative, early social traction, founder-driven vision, or underappreciated momentum in developer or user adoption. These are often the precursors to exponential moves, if you catch them early.We focus on conviction plays, not safe bets. Each opportunity is evaluated for Risk/Reward profile: limited downside, explosive upside. We believe that the best returns come from understanding where belief is lagging reality. Analyst's Disclosure: I/we have a beneficial long position in the shares of RKLB either through stock ownership, options, or other derivatives. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article. Seeking Alpha's Disclosure: Past performance is no guarantee of future results. No recommendation or advice is being given as to whether any investment is suitable for a particular investor. Any views or opinions expressed above may not reflect those of Seeking Alpha as a whole. Seeking Alpha is not a licensed securities dealer, broker or US investment adviser or investment bank. Our analysts are third party authors that include both professional investors and individual investors who may not be licensed or certified by any institute or regulatory body. The SpaceX IPO is expected to re-anchor sector valuations toward platform economics, positioning RKLB as a leading public proxy and likely beneficiary of increased institutional capital. RKLB must deliver $1.2-$1.5 billion revenue by 2027/2028 and continue margin expansion to support multiple compression and sustain its growth narrative. Risks include SpaceX absorbing most institutional capital and RKLB failing to execute on Neutron or platform ambitions, which could disrupt growth and re-rate the stock downward.
SpaceX's Bold IPO Strategy Retains Musk's Control | Health
SpaceX, under Elon Musk's leadership, is taking an unconventional route for its IPO by opting for 'controlled company status,' which enables Musk to maintain control. This decision mirrors Musk's past strategies and could influence governance and compensation, emphasizing growth targets like colonizing Mars. In a strategic move, SpaceX, led by Elon Musk, has informed potential investors that it will maintain its 'controlled company status' post-IPO, negating the requirement for a majority of independent directors on its board. This decision underscores Musk's continued dominance over the aerospace and AI firm. This approach deviates from the norm, where only a small percentage of companies entrust board majority to insiders, drawing parallels with Meta's governance under similar Nasdaq rules. While this could grant operational flexibility, it has raised familiar concerns over corporate governance and board independence. SpaceX's bold approach could shape its capacity for significant projects, including milestones targeting a human colony on Mars, establishing ambitious benchmarks for Musk's compensations reflecting the company's hefty market capitalization goals.
Liner Hanger System Market to Reach USD 6,268.42 Million by 2032, Driven by Deepwater Exploration and Unconventional Drilling Growth | Credence Research
LONDON, April 22, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Credence Research has released a new report titled "Liner Hanger System Market Size, Share, Growth, Opportunities, and Competitive Analysis, 2025-2032." According to the study, the Liner Hanger System Market was valued at USD 4,084.5 million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6,268.42 million by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period. The market is witnessing steady expansion due to increasing drilling activity in unconventional reservoirs, growing investments in deepwater and ultra-deepwater projects, and rising demand for high-performance well completion technologies. The global liner hanger system market reflects a highly competitive and technology-driven environment, where major oilfield service providers focus on innovation, advanced materials, and automated deployment solutions. Companies such as Schlumberger Limited, Halliburton Company, Baker Hughes Company, Weatherford International plc, and NOV Inc. are strengthening their positions through high-pressure systems, expandable technologies, and digital monitoring capabilities. Regionally, North America led the market in 2024 with approximately 34% share, followed by Asia Pacific and Europe, supported by strong drilling programs across both onshore and offshore fields. By Type Conventional liner hangers led the market in 2024 with about 38% share due to reliability and cost efficiency in standard wells. Mechanical and hydraulic types are gaining traction in deep and high-pressure wells, while expandable hangers grow in complex wellbores for better zonal isolation and larger internal diameter. By Well Type Horizontal and directional wells dominated with around 61% share in 2024, driven by unconventional drilling and longer laterals. Vertical wells maintain steady demand, but focus on higher recovery and efficiency continues to favor horizontal drilling. By Location of Deployment Onshore held nearly 63% share due to high drilling activity, lower costs, and easier operations. Offshore is growing steadily, especially in deepwater projects that require advanced high-pressure liner hanger systems. Request Free Sample Report (Liner Hanger System Market) - https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/liner-hanger-system-market Key Growth Drivers Rising Drilling Activities in Unconventional Reservoirs The expansion of shale gas, tight oil, and unconventional resource development is a major driver for liner hanger systems. These reservoirs require complex well geometries and multi-stage completions, increasing the demand for reliable hanger systems that maintain well integrity under high pressure. Horizontal drilling further strengthens this demand by requiring advanced solutions capable of stabilizing extended lateral sections and ensuring consistent performance. Expansion of Deepwater and Ultra-Deepwater Projects Growing investments in offshore exploration -- particularly in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, and West Africa -- are driving demand for high-performance liner hanger systems. These wells operate under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, requiring advanced technologies that ensure durability and long-term reliability. As offshore reserves become critical to global energy supply, demand for advanced completion systems continues to increase. Key Trends and Opportunities Shift Toward Expandable and High-Performance Systems Expandable liner hangers are gaining popularity due to their ability to maximize internal diameter and improve well efficiency. These systems support complex well architectures and reduce clearance issues, making them ideal for advanced drilling environments. Manufacturers are investing in stronger alloys and corrosion-resistant materials to meet growing demand for high-performance solutions. Digitalization and Automation in Well Completion Automation and digital technologies are transforming liner hanger deployment processes. Real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and automated running tools improve accuracy, reduce human error, and enhance operational efficiency. These innovations create opportunities for technology-driven product development and improve overall well completion performance. Deepwater and unconventional wells require advanced liner hanger systems that involve high procurement and installation costs. These costs can limit adoption, particularly for smaller operators or during periods of oil price volatility. Technical Failures in Extreme Conditions Liner hanger systems operate under high stress, temperature, and corrosion conditions, increasing the risk of mechanical failures. Ensuring consistent reliability remains a challenge, requiring continuous investment in material innovation and testing standards. North America held the largest market share in 2024 at around 34%, driven by strong shale drilling activity in the U.S. and Canada. High investment in horizontal drilling, multi-stage completions, and mature field redevelopment supports continuous demand for advanced liner hanger systems. Europe Europe accounted for approximately 22% share, supported by offshore activities in the North Sea and strict well safety regulations. The region emphasizes high-reliability systems to operate in harsh offshore conditions. Asia Pacific Asia Pacific captured nearly 28% share, driven by expanding exploration programs in China, India, and Southeast Asia. Rising energy demand and increased offshore drilling investments continue to support regional growth. Latin America Latin America held about 10% share, with strong demand from Brazil's deepwater fields and Argentina's unconventional resources, particularly Vaca Muerta. Middle East & Africa The Middle East & Africa accounted for around 6% share, supported by extensive drilling activities and rising offshore developments across Saudi Arabia, UAE, and West Africa. Competitive Landscape Request Free Sample Report (Liner Hanger System Market)- https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/liner-hanger-system-market Related Reports - Coiled Tubing Services Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/coiled-tubing-service-market Coal Bed Methane Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/coal-bed-methane-market Angola Oil And Gas Upstream Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/angola-oil-and-gas-upstream-market Pipeline Integrity Management Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/pipeline-integrity-management-market Pipeline Monitoring System Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/pipeline-monitoring-solutions-market Spearmint Oil Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/spearmint-oil-market Sustainable Aviation Fuel Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/sustainable-aviation-fuel-market Marine Growth Removal (MGR) Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/marine-growth-removal-mgr-market Alkylate Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/alkylate-market Oil And Gas Actuators Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/oil-and-gas-actuators-market About Us Credence Research Inc is a global market intelligence and consulting firm founded in 2015. It delivers deep market insights, quantitative analysis, and strategic guidance to business leaders, investors, governments, NGOs, and non-profit groups worldwide. The company helps organizations evaluate markets, understand trends, reduce risk, and make data-driven decisions that support growth and competitive strategy. Credence Research is known for rigorous research methods and comprehensive analytics. The firm produces detailed reports covering market size, forecasts, growth drivers, trends, and competitive landscapes across many industries. Each report often includes frameworks like PESTLE and Porter's Five Forces to give a complete view of market dynamics and future potential. Credence Research also provides tailored consulting services, due diligence support, go-to-market planning, and pre-IPO research to strengthen client strategies and investment narratives. Its insights come from both primary and secondary research, expert interviews, and advanced data modelling. The firm's client base spans Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East/Africa. View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/liner-hanger-system-market-to-reach-usd-6-268-42-million-by-2032-driven-by-deepwater-exploration-and-unconventional-drilling-growth-credence-research-302750714.html
Liner Hanger System Market to Reach USD 6,268.42 Million by 2032, Driven by Deepwater Exploration and Unconventional Drilling Growth | Credence Research
LONDON, April 22, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Credence Research has released a new report titled "Liner Hanger System Market Size, Share, Growth, Opportunities, and Competitive Analysis, 2025-2032." According to the study, the Liner Hanger System Market was valued at USD 4,084.5 million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6,268.42 million by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period. The market is witnessing steady expansion due to increasing drilling activity in unconventional reservoirs, growing investments in deepwater and ultra-deepwater projects, and rising demand for high-performance well completion technologies. The global liner hanger system market reflects a highly competitive and technology-driven environment, where major oilfield service providers focus on innovation, advanced materials, and automated deployment solutions. Companies such as Schlumberger Limited, Halliburton Company, Baker Hughes Company, Weatherford International plc, and NOV Inc. are strengthening their positions through high-pressure systems, expandable technologies, and digital monitoring capabilities. Regionally, North America led the market in 2024 with approximately 34% share, followed by Asia Pacific and Europe, supported by strong drilling programs across both onshore and offshore fields. By Type Conventional liner hangers led the market in 2024 with about 38% share due to reliability and cost efficiency in standard wells. Mechanical and hydraulic types are gaining traction in deep and high-pressure wells, while expandable hangers grow in complex wellbores for better zonal isolation and larger internal diameter. By Well Type Horizontal and directional wells dominated with around 61% share in 2024, driven by unconventional drilling and longer laterals. Vertical wells maintain steady demand, but focus on higher recovery and efficiency continues to favor horizontal drilling. By Location of Deployment Onshore held nearly 63% share due to high drilling activity, lower costs, and easier operations. Offshore is growing steadily, especially in deepwater projects that require advanced high-pressure liner hanger systems. Request Free Sample Report (Liner Hanger System Market) - https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/liner-hanger-system-market Key Growth Drivers Rising Drilling Activities in Unconventional Reservoirs The expansion of shale gas, tight oil, and unconventional resource development is a major driver for liner hanger systems. These reservoirs require complex well geometries and multi-stage completions, increasing the demand for reliable hanger systems that maintain well integrity under high pressure. Horizontal drilling further strengthens this demand by requiring advanced solutions capable of stabilizing extended lateral sections and ensuring consistent performance. Expansion of Deepwater and Ultra-Deepwater Projects Growing investments in offshore exploration -- particularly in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, and West Africa -- are driving demand for high-performance liner hanger systems. These wells operate under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, requiring advanced technologies that ensure durability and long-term reliability. As offshore reserves become critical to global energy supply, demand for advanced completion systems continues to increase. Key Trends and Opportunities Shift Toward Expandable and High-Performance Systems Expandable liner hangers are gaining popularity due to their ability to maximize internal diameter and improve well efficiency. These systems support complex well architectures and reduce clearance issues, making them ideal for advanced drilling environments. Manufacturers are investing in stronger alloys and corrosion-resistant materials to meet growing demand for high-performance solutions. Digitalization and Automation in Well Completion Automation and digital technologies are transforming liner hanger deployment processes. Real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and automated running tools improve accuracy, reduce human error, and enhance operational efficiency. These innovations create opportunities for technology-driven product development and improve overall well completion performance. Deepwater and unconventional wells require advanced liner hanger systems that involve high procurement and installation costs. These costs can limit adoption, particularly for smaller operators or during periods of oil price volatility. Technical Failures in Extreme Conditions Liner hanger systems operate under high stress, temperature, and corrosion conditions, increasing the risk of mechanical failures. Ensuring consistent reliability remains a challenge, requiring continuous investment in material innovation and testing standards. North America held the largest market share in 2024 at around 34%, driven by strong shale drilling activity in the U.S. and Canada. High investment in horizontal drilling, multi-stage completions, and mature field redevelopment supports continuous demand for advanced liner hanger systems. Europe Europe accounted for approximately 22% share, supported by offshore activities in the North Sea and strict well safety regulations. The region emphasizes high-reliability systems to operate in harsh offshore conditions. Asia Pacific Asia Pacific captured nearly 28% share, driven by expanding exploration programs in China, India, and Southeast Asia. Rising energy demand and increased offshore drilling investments continue to support regional growth. Latin America Latin America held about 10% share, with strong demand from Brazil's deepwater fields and Argentina's unconventional resources, particularly Vaca Muerta. Middle East & Africa The Middle East & Africa accounted for around 6% share, supported by extensive drilling activities and rising offshore developments across Saudi Arabia, UAE, and West Africa. Competitive Landscape Request Free Sample Report (Liner Hanger System Market)- https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/liner-hanger-system-market Related Reports - Coiled Tubing Services Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/coiled-tubing-service-market Coal Bed Methane Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/coal-bed-methane-market Angola Oil And Gas Upstream Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/angola-oil-and-gas-upstream-market Pipeline Integrity Management Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/pipeline-integrity-management-market Pipeline Monitoring System Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/pipeline-monitoring-solutions-market Spearmint Oil Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/spearmint-oil-market Sustainable Aviation Fuel Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/sustainable-aviation-fuel-market Marine Growth Removal (MGR) Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/marine-growth-removal-mgr-market Alkylate Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/alkylate-market Oil And Gas Actuators Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/oil-and-gas-actuators-market About Us Credence Research Inc is a global market intelligence and consulting firm founded in 2015. It delivers deep market insights, quantitative analysis, and strategic guidance to business leaders, investors, governments, NGOs, and non-profit groups worldwide. The company helps organizations evaluate markets, understand trends, reduce risk, and make data-driven decisions that support growth and competitive strategy. Credence Research is known for rigorous research methods and comprehensive analytics. The firm produces detailed reports covering market size, forecasts, growth drivers, trends, and competitive landscapes across many industries. Each report often includes frameworks like PESTLE and Porter's Five Forces to give a complete view of market dynamics and future potential. Credence Research also provides tailored consulting services, due diligence support, go-to-market planning, and pre-IPO research to strengthen client strategies and investment narratives. Its insights come from both primary and secondary research, expert interviews, and advanced data modelling. The firm's client base spans Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East/Africa. View original content:https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/liner-hanger-system-market-to-reach-usd-6-268-42-million-by-2032-driven-by-deepwater-exploration-and-unconventional-drilling-growth-credence-research-302750716.html
Liner Hanger System Market to Reach USD 6,268.42 Million by 2032, Driven by Deepwater Exploration and Unconventional Drilling Growth | Credence Research
LONDON, April 22, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Credence Research has released a new report titled "Liner Hanger System Market Size, Share, Growth, Opportunities, and Competitive Analysis, 2025-2032." According to the study, the Liner Hanger System Market was valued at USD 4,084.5 million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6,268.42 million by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period. The market is witnessing steady expansion due to increasing drilling activity in unconventional reservoirs, growing investments in deepwater and ultra-deepwater projects, and rising demand for high-performance well completion technologies. The global liner hanger system market reflects a highly competitive and technology-driven environment, where major oilfield service providers focus on innovation, advanced materials, and automated deployment solutions. Companies such as Schlumberger Limited, Halliburton Company, Baker Hughes Company, Weatherford International plc, and NOV Inc. are strengthening their positions through high-pressure systems, expandable technologies, and digital monitoring capabilities. Regionally, North America led the market in 2024 with approximately 34% share, followed by Asia Pacific and Europe, supported by strong drilling programs across both onshore and offshore fields. By Type Conventional liner hangers led the market in 2024 with about 38% share due to reliability and cost efficiency in standard wells. Mechanical and hydraulic types are gaining traction in deep and high-pressure wells, while expandable hangers grow in complex wellbores for better zonal isolation and larger internal diameter. By Well Type Horizontal and directional wells dominated with around 61% share in 2024, driven by unconventional drilling and longer laterals. Vertical wells maintain steady demand, but focus on higher recovery and efficiency continues to favor horizontal drilling. By Location of Deployment Onshore held nearly 63% share due to high drilling activity, lower costs, and easier operations. Offshore is growing steadily, especially in deepwater projects that require advanced high-pressure liner hanger systems. Request Free Sample Report (Liner Hanger System Market) - https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/liner-hanger-system-market Key Growth Drivers Rising Drilling Activities in Unconventional Reservoirs The expansion of shale gas, tight oil, and unconventional resource development is a major driver for liner hanger systems. These reservoirs require complex well geometries and multi-stage completions, increasing the demand for reliable hanger systems that maintain well integrity under high pressure. Horizontal drilling further strengthens this demand by requiring advanced solutions capable of stabilizing extended lateral sections and ensuring consistent performance. Expansion of Deepwater and Ultra-Deepwater Projects Growing investments in offshore exploration -- particularly in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, and West Africa -- are driving demand for high-performance liner hanger systems. These wells operate under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, requiring advanced technologies that ensure durability and long-term reliability. As offshore reserves become critical to global energy supply, demand for advanced completion systems continues to increase. Key Trends and Opportunities Shift Toward Expandable and High-Performance Systems Expandable liner hangers are gaining popularity due to their ability to maximize internal diameter and improve well efficiency. These systems support complex well architectures and reduce clearance issues, making them ideal for advanced drilling environments. Manufacturers are investing in stronger alloys and corrosion-resistant materials to meet growing demand for high-performance solutions. Digitalization and Automation in Well Completion Automation and digital technologies are transforming liner hanger deployment processes. Real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and automated running tools improve accuracy, reduce human error, and enhance operational efficiency. These innovations create opportunities for technology-driven product development and improve overall well completion performance. Deepwater and unconventional wells require advanced liner hanger systems that involve high procurement and installation costs. These costs can limit adoption, particularly for smaller operators or during periods of oil price volatility. Technical Failures in Extreme Conditions Liner hanger systems operate under high stress, temperature, and corrosion conditions, increasing the risk of mechanical failures. Ensuring consistent reliability remains a challenge, requiring continuous investment in material innovation and testing standards. North America held the largest market share in 2024 at around 34%, driven by strong shale drilling activity in the U.S. and Canada. High investment in horizontal drilling, multi-stage completions, and mature field redevelopment supports continuous demand for advanced liner hanger systems. Europe Europe accounted for approximately 22% share, supported by offshore activities in the North Sea and strict well safety regulations. The region emphasizes high-reliability systems to operate in harsh offshore conditions. Asia Pacific Asia Pacific captured nearly 28% share, driven by expanding exploration programs in China, India, and Southeast Asia. Rising energy demand and increased offshore drilling investments continue to support regional growth. Latin America Latin America held about 10% share, with strong demand from Brazil's deepwater fields and Argentina's unconventional resources, particularly Vaca Muerta. Middle East & Africa The Middle East & Africa accounted for around 6% share, supported by extensive drilling activities and rising offshore developments across Saudi Arabia, UAE, and West Africa. Competitive Landscape Request Free Sample Report (Liner Hanger System Market)- https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/liner-hanger-system-market Related Reports - Coiled Tubing Services Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/coiled-tubing-service-market Coal Bed Methane Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/coal-bed-methane-market Angola Oil And Gas Upstream Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/angola-oil-and-gas-upstream-market Pipeline Integrity Management Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/pipeline-integrity-management-market Pipeline Monitoring System Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/pipeline-monitoring-solutions-market Spearmint Oil Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/spearmint-oil-market Sustainable Aviation Fuel Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/sustainable-aviation-fuel-market Marine Growth Removal (MGR) Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/marine-growth-removal-mgr-market Alkylate Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/alkylate-market Oil And Gas Actuators Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/oil-and-gas-actuators-market About Us Credence Research Inc is a global market intelligence and consulting firm founded in 2015. It delivers deep market insights, quantitative analysis, and strategic guidance to business leaders, investors, governments, NGOs, and non-profit groups worldwide. The company helps organizations evaluate markets, understand trends, reduce risk, and make data-driven decisions that support growth and competitive strategy. Credence Research is known for rigorous research methods and comprehensive analytics. The firm produces detailed reports covering market size, forecasts, growth drivers, trends, and competitive landscapes across many industries. Each report often includes frameworks like PESTLE and Porter's Five Forces to give a complete view of market dynamics and future potential. Credence Research also provides tailored consulting services, due diligence support, go-to-market planning, and pre-IPO research to strengthen client strategies and investment narratives. Its insights come from both primary and secondary research, expert interviews, and advanced data modelling. The firm's client base spans Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East/Africa. View original content:https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/liner-hanger-system-market-to-reach-usd-6-268-42-million-by-2032-driven-by-deepwater-exploration-and-unconventional-drilling-growth-credence-research-302750716.html
Liner Hanger System Market to Reach USD 6,268.42 Million by 2032, Driven by Deepwater Exploration and Unconventional Drilling Growth | Credence Research
LONDON, April 22, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Credence Research has released a new report titled "Liner Hanger System Market Size, Share, Growth, Opportunities, and Competitive Analysis, 2025-2032." According to the study, the Liner Hanger System Market was valued at USD 4,084.5 million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6,268.42 million by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period. The market is witnessing steady expansion due to increasing drilling activity in unconventional reservoirs, growing investments in deepwater and ultra-deepwater projects, and rising demand for high-performance well completion technologies. The global liner hanger system market reflects a highly competitive and technology-driven environment, where major oilfield service providers focus on innovation, advanced materials, and automated deployment solutions. Companies such as Schlumberger Limited, Halliburton Company, Baker Hughes Company, Weatherford International plc, and NOV Inc. are strengthening their positions through high-pressure systems, expandable technologies, and digital monitoring capabilities. Regionally, North America led the market in 2024 with approximately 34% share, followed by Asia Pacific and Europe, supported by strong drilling programs across both onshore and offshore fields. Market Insights * Growth is primarily driven by rising unconventional drilling activity and increasing deepwater exploration investments, which require advanced completion technologies. * Conventional liner hangers held about 38% share in 2024, supported by their reliability and cost-efficiency across standard well operations. * Key trends include growing adoption of expandable liner hangers and digital tools that enhance completion accuracy and reduce operational risks. * North America dominates with around 34% share, followed by Asia Pacific (28%) and Europe (22%), supported by strong drilling and exploration programs. Market Overview: * Industry Landscape and Value Chain Assessment * Supply-Side Evaluation * Demand-Side Evaluation * Stakeholder Mapping * Porter's Five Forces Review * PESTLE Environment Assessment * Market Forecast and Future Direction * Short-Term Forecast (0-2 Years) * Mid-Term Forecast (3-5 Years) * Long-Term Forecast (5-10 Years) * Market Entry and Expansion Strategy Market Segmentation Analysis By Type Conventional liner hangers led the market in 2024 with about 38% share due to reliability and cost efficiency in standard wells. Mechanical and hydraulic types are gaining traction in deep and high-pressure wells, while expandable hangers grow in complex wellbores for better zonal isolation and larger internal diameter.
Credence Research Inc.: Liner Hanger System Market to Reach USD 6,268.42 Million by 2032, Driven by Deepwater Exploration and Unconventional Drilling Growth | Credence Research
LONDON, April 22, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Credence Research has released a new report titled "Liner Hanger System Market Size, Share, Growth, Opportunities, and Competitive Analysis, 2025-2032." According to the study, the Liner Hanger System Market was valued at USD 4,084.5 million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6,268.42 million by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period. The market is witnessing steady expansion due to increasing drilling activity in unconventional reservoirs, growing investments in deepwater and ultra-deepwater projects, and rising demand for high-performance well completion technologies. The global liner hanger system market reflects a highly competitive and technology-driven environment, where major oilfield service providers focus on innovation, advanced materials, and automated deployment solutions. Companies such as Schlumberger Limited, Halliburton Company, Baker Hughes Company, Weatherford International plc, and NOV Inc. are strengthening their positions through high-pressure systems, expandable technologies, and digital monitoring capabilities. Regionally, North America led the market in 2024 with approximately 34% share, followed by Asia Pacific and Europe, supported by strong drilling programs across both onshore and offshore fields. Market Insights Growth is primarily driven by rising unconventional drilling activity and increasing deepwater exploration investments, which require advanced completion technologies.Conventional liner hangers held about 38% share in 2024, supported by their reliability and cost-efficiency across standard well operations.Key trends include growing adoption of expandable liner hangers and digital tools that enhance completion accuracy and reduce operational risks.North America dominates with around 34% share, followed by Asia Pacific (28%) and Europe (22%), supported by strong drilling and exploration programs. Market Overview: * Industry Landscape and Value Chain Assessment * Supply-Side Evaluation * Demand-Side Evaluation * Stakeholder Mapping * Porter's Five Forces Review * PESTLE Environment Assessment * Market Forecast and Future Direction * Short-Term Forecast (0-2 Years) * Mid-Term Forecast (3-5 Years) * Long-Term Forecast (5-10 Years) * Market Entry and Expansion Strategy Market Segmentation Analysis By Type Conventional liner hangers led the market in 2024 with about 38% share due to reliability and cost efficiency in standard wells. Mechanical and hydraulic types are gaining traction in deep and high-pressure wells, while expandable hangers grow in complex wellbores for better zonal isolation and larger internal diameter. By Well Type Horizontal and directional wells dominated with around 61% share in 2024, driven by unconventional drilling and longer laterals. Vertical wells maintain steady demand, but focus on higher recovery and efficiency continues to favor horizontal drilling. By Location of Deployment Onshore held nearly 63% share due to high drilling activity, lower costs, and easier operations. Offshore is growing steadily, especially in deepwater projects that require advanced high-pressure liner hanger systems. Request Free Sample Report (Liner Hanger System Market) - https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/liner-hanger-system-market Key Growth Drivers Rising Drilling Activities in Unconventional Reservoirs The expansion of shale gas, tight oil, and unconventional resource development is a major driver for liner hanger systems. These reservoirs require complex well geometries and multi-stage completions, increasing the demand for reliable hanger systems that maintain well integrity under high pressure. Horizontal drilling further strengthens this demand by requiring advanced solutions capable of stabilizing extended lateral sections and ensuring consistent performance. Expansion of Deepwater and Ultra-Deepwater Projects Growing investments in offshore exploration-particularly in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, and West Africa-are driving demand for high-performance liner hanger systems. These wells operate under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, requiring advanced technologies that ensure durability and long-term reliability. As offshore reserves become critical to global energy supply, demand for advanced completion systems continues to increase. Key Trends and Opportunities Shift Toward Expandable and High-Performance Systems Expandable liner hangers are gaining popularity due to their ability to maximize internal diameter and improve well efficiency. These systems support complex well architectures and reduce clearance issues, making them ideal for advanced drilling environments. Manufacturers are investing in stronger alloys and corrosion-resistant materials to meet growing demand for high-performance solutions. Digitalization and Automation in Well Completion Automation and digital technologies are transforming liner hanger deployment processes. Real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and automated running tools improve accuracy, reduce human error, and enhance operational efficiency. These innovations create opportunities for technology-driven product development and improve overall well completion performance. Key Challenges High Operational Costs in Complex Wells Deepwater and unconventional wells require advanced liner hanger systems that involve high procurement and installation costs. These costs can limit adoption, particularly for smaller operators or during periods of oil price volatility. Technical Failures in Extreme Conditions Liner hanger systems operate under high stress, temperature, and corrosion conditions, increasing the risk of mechanical failures. Ensuring consistent reliability remains a challenge, requiring continuous investment in material innovation and testing standards. Regional Analysis North America North America held the largest market share in 2024 at around 34%, driven by strong shale drilling activity in the U.S. and Canada. High investment in horizontal drilling, multi-stage completions, and mature field redevelopment supports continuous demand for advanced liner hanger systems. Europe Europe accounted for approximately 22% share, supported by offshore activities in the North Sea and strict well safety regulations. The region emphasizes high-reliability systems to operate in harsh offshore conditions. Asia Pacific Asia Pacific captured nearly 28% share, driven by expanding exploration programs in China, India, and Southeast Asia. Rising energy demand and increased offshore drilling investments continue to support regional growth. Latin America Latin America held about 10% share, with strong demand from Brazil's deepwater fields and Argentina's unconventional resources, particularly Vaca Muerta. Middle East & Africa The Middle East & Africa accounted for around 6% share, supported by extensive drilling activities and rising offshore developments across Saudi Arabia, UAE, and West Africa. Competitive Landscape JC PetroSchlumberger LimitedInnovex Downhole Solutions, Inc.Weatherford International plcNOV Inc.NCS MultistageDril-Quip, Inc.Allamon Tool CompanyPackers Plus Energy Services Inc.Baker Hughes CompanyHalliburton Company Request Free Sample Report (Liner Hanger System Market)- https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/liner-hanger-system-market Related Reports - Coiled Tubing Services Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/coiled-tubing-service-market Coal Bed Methane Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/coal-bed-methane-market Angola Oil And Gas Upstream Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/angola-oil-and-gas-upstream-market Pipeline Integrity Management Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/pipeline-integrity-management-market Pipeline Monitoring System Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/pipeline-monitoring-solutions-market Spearmint Oil Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/spearmint-oil-market Sustainable Aviation Fuel Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/sustainable-aviation-fuel-market Marine Growth Removal (MGR) Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/marine-growth-removal-mgr-market Alkylate Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/alkylate-market Oil And Gas Actuators Market https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/oil-and-gas-actuators-market About Us Credence Research Inc is a global market intelligence and consulting firm founded in 2015. It delivers deep market insights, quantitative analysis, and strategic guidance to business leaders, investors, governments, NGOs, and non-profit groups worldwide. The company helps organizations evaluate markets, understand trends, reduce risk, and make data-driven decisions that support growth and competitive strategy. Credence Research is known for rigorous research methods and comprehensive analytics. The firm produces detailed reports covering market size, forecasts, growth drivers, trends, and competitive landscapes across many industries. Each report often includes frameworks like PESTLE and Porter's Five Forces to give a complete view of market dynamics and future potential. Credence Research also provides tailored consulting services, due diligence support, go-to-market planning, and pre-IPO research to strengthen client strategies and investment narratives. Its insights come from both primary and secondary research, expert interviews, and advanced data modelling. The firm's client base spans Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East/Africa. To find out more, visit www.credenceresearch.com or follow us on X.com, LinkedIn and Facebook Contact Us - Credence Research Inc, Tower C-1105, S 25, Akash Tower, Vishal Nagar, Pimple Nilakh, Haveli, Pune - 411027, India USA: +1-888-600-6441 Email: [email protected] Visit Our Website: https://www.credenceresearch.com/ Logo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2562161/Credence_Research_Logo.jpg View original content:https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/liner-hanger-system-market-to-reach-usd-6-268-42-million-by-2032--driven-by-deepwater-exploration-and-unconventional-drilling-growth--credence-research-302750716.html © 2026 PR Newswire
SpaceX Gears Up for Historic $75bn IPO with Intense Wall Street Briefings and a $1.75tn Valuation Pitch - Tekedia
SpaceX is accelerating preparations for what could become the largest initial public offering in history, hosting Wall Street's top analysts this week for an unprecedented three-day deep dive into its operations. The closed-door sessions, held at its Starbase launch site in Texas and its massive Colossus data center in Tennessee, mark a critical step as the company eyes a late June trading debut and aims to raise $75 billion. According to three people familiar with the matter, who spoke to Reuters, the briefings begin Tuesday with an all-day meeting and tour of Starbase in Boca Chica, Texas -- the heart of SpaceX's rocket and Starlink satellite operations. A separate group of analysts representing major institutional investors, including big mutual funds and pension plans, will receive their briefing at the same facility on Wednesday. On Thursday, attendees head to Memphis, Tennessee, to inspect the company's ambitious "Macrohard" project at the Colossus data center, a key piece of its integrated AI and computing infrastructure. Attendees have been instructed to surrender electronic devices during the sessions, a sign of the extraordinary sensitivity surrounding the preparations. The inclusion of Starbase on the tour and the three-day format have not been previously reported. Analyst days are a standard part of the IPO process, giving Wall Street professionals an inside look at a company's business, strategy, and long-term vision ahead of listing. Some analysts have already received copies of SpaceX's confidential registration filing, though sources say the document contains limited financial detail. The filing offers investors their first formal glimpse into the combined entity after Elon Musk merged SpaceX with his social media platform X and AI company xAI earlier this year. The newly formed conglomerate ended 2025 with $24.7 billion in cash but more than $50 billion in liabilities. Revenue reached $18.67 billion, but the company swung to a $4.94 billion consolidated loss as it poured heavily into xAI's artificial intelligence infrastructure. That compares with a $791 million profit on $14.02 billion in revenue the previous year. About two weeks after this week's analyst briefings, SpaceX plans a separate "modeling day" for a smaller group of analysts whose banks are directly involved in the deal. These sessions typically involve walking analysts through detailed financial projections and key assumptions so they can develop earnings estimates. CFO Bret Johnsen faces a formidable task: convincing some of the sharpest minds on Wall Street that the combined SpaceX-xAI-X entity is worth an almost unfathomable $1.75 trillion. The merger has created a unique aerospace, satellite, social media, and AI powerhouse unlike anything else in the market, but that very uniqueness makes traditional valuation methods difficult. At least one large institutional investor has been using unconventional benchmarks to justify the lofty price tag, comparing SpaceX not to legacy aerospace or telecom giants like Boeing or AT&T, but to high-growth AI infrastructure and software names such as Palantir Technologies, GE Vernova, and Vertiv. This framing underscores how Musk is positioning the company as a next-generation technology platform rather than a traditional rocket or satellite business. Musk is also making a deliberate effort to reward the retail investors who have propelled Tesla's valuation to extraordinary heights. Roughly 30% of the shares in the IPO are being set aside for individual investors. Musk plans to host about 1,500 retail shareholders for a tour of Starbase shortly after the formal roadshow begins in the week of June 8. The offering will also be open to retail investors in the UK, EU, Australia, Canada, Japan, and Korea. Musk will retain voting control after the company goes public through a dual-class share structure that sharply limits other shareholders' influence over corporate decisions. Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, Citigroup, JPMorgan, and Goldman Sachs are serving as the lead bookrunners, with 16 additional banks involved in various institutional, retail, and international roles. The precise size of the retail allocation and final structure of the deal are expected to be finalized closer to launch. This week's tightly controlled briefings represent SpaceX's best chance to shape the narrative before it steps into the glare of public markets. With Starbase showcasing reusable rockets and Starlink's global satellite network, and Colossus highlighting its massive AI computing ambitions, the company is presenting itself not merely as a space pioneer but as a vertically integrated technology colossus spanning launch, connectivity, social media, and artificial intelligence. A successful $75 billion raise at a $1.75 trillion valuation would shatter previous IPO records and instantly make SpaceX one of the most valuable public companies on Earth. Whether Wall Street analysts and ultimately investors buy into that vision, especially given the heavy losses tied to xAI's buildout, will be tested in the coming weeks.
Breakthrough in the treatment of pancreatic cancer: Targeting the tumor in an unconventional way
A new study proposes a new therapeutic strategy for one of the deadliest types of cancer. By combining existing drugs, instead of directly targeting the central mutation that drives the disease, the researchers found an indirect way to weaken the tumor's growth mechanism. The findings may affect additional types of cancer in the future. Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most difficult and lethal types of cancer to treat. One of its common forms is Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma - an aggressive tumor that is usually detected at an advanced stage and responds in a limited way to existing treatments. Now, a new study presents an innovative therapeutic approach that may open new possibilities for dealing with the disease - using a combination of drugs already in medical use. The central challenge: KRAS mutation In the vast majority of pancreatic cancer cases, there is a mutation in the KRAS gene. The mutation causes the KRAS protein to remain constantly active and send signals that lead to uncontrolled division of cancer cells. These signals pass through a biological pathway that includes, among others, the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, which activates mechanisms that promote tumor growth. Although the KRAS gene is considered a central driver of pancreatic cancer, attempts to develop drugs that directly neutralize it have succeeded only partially. One reason is that a specific KRAS mutation - which can be targeted with drugs - is relatively rare in pancreatic cancer, and tumors tend to develop resistance to treatment. Instead of trying to directly block KRAS, the researchers examined another mechanism in the cell's regulatory system. An important protein called RB1 acts as a kind of "brake" on the cell cycle and prevents uncontrolled division. When RB1 is active, it can inhibit KRAS activity and the signaling pathways that promote tumor growth. However, in pancreatic cancer, RB1 activity is neutralized by another protein system called the Cyclin D1-CDK4/6-RB1 axis. This system shuts down RB1 and allows cancer cells to continue dividing. Use of existing drugs To restore RB1 activity, the researchers used drugs from the CDK4/6 inhibitors group - drugs already used in breast cancer treatment. These drugs prevent the inactivation of RB1, thereby allowing it to resume its function as a tumor suppressor protein. At first, it became clear that the drugs succeed in stopping cancer cell division and cause them to enter a special biological state called cellular senescence - a state in which the cell stops dividing but does not die. Although the treatment succeeded in stopping tumor growth, it did not cause sufficient death of cancer cells. The researchers discovered that the cells are able to reactivate survival mechanisms. It turned out that following the treatment, an additional signaling pathway is activated involving a receptor called EGFR. This pathway reactivates growth signals in the cells and helps them survive. To overcome this survival mechanism, the researchers combined CDK4/6 drugs with drugs that block EGFR, including: * Gefitinib * Cetuximab The combination of drugs succeeded in causing cancer cell death in various experimental models - including mouse models and human tumors implanted in experiments. A new principle in treatment: Senolysis The study also revealed another important therapeutic mechanism called senolysis - the selective elimination of cells that have entered a state of cellular senescence. In the first stage, the drugs cause cancer cells to stop dividing and enter senescence. Afterward, EGFR pathway blockade causes the death of those cells. The researchers emphasize that the treatment sequence is especially important: First, the drugs that induce cellular senescence must be given, and only afterward the drugs that eliminate the cells. One concern in such treatment approaches is damage to healthy cells that enter senescence. To examine this, the researchers used advanced mouse models that allow tracking of senescent cells in the body. The results were encouraging: No signs of cellular senescence were found in healthy tissues following the treatment, indicating the potential for a safe therapeutic window. Implications beyond pancreatic cancer The researchers note that the new approach may also be relevant to other types of cancer in which similar mechanisms exist involving interactions between oncogenic genes and tumor suppressor proteins. Another advantage is the fact that the treatment is based on drugs already approved for medical use, which may accelerate the transition to clinical trials in humans. Pancreatic cancer is currently considered one of the deadliest types of cancer, with extremely low survival rates. Therefore, any breakthrough in understanding the biological mechanisms of the disease may be significant. The new study demonstrates how a deep understanding of molecular interactions within the cell can lead to new therapeutic strategies - even when the central target, such as KRAS, has long been considered undruggable. If these findings are confirmed in clinical studies, it may eventually be possible to develop a more effective treatment for one of the most difficult cancers to cure.
Why this popular South Indian destination is emerging as India's most unconventional real estate play
When Geeta Sharma bought a property in Goa, all she was thinking was a holiday home, but she soon realised that she had unknowingly invested in a property which could actually earn for her. Goa was more than just a place to go on vacation now. It is slowly but surely becoming a possible place to invest in real estate. By 2026, this change will be easier to see as real estate activity starts to line up more closely with tourism growth, rising prices, and changing patterns of property use. The result is a market that is getting more and more serious investors interested, even from Delhi-NCR.What has triggered this changeThis change is not just a story. It is backed by demand-side momentum. According to official data from the Goa Tourism Department, the state welcomed a record-breaking 1.08 crore (10.8 million) total tourists in 2025. This is a level that few other leisure markets in India can match. At the same time, reports from companies like Knight Frank and Anarock show that prime micro-markets, especially in North Goa, have seen prices go up steadily in the high single digits, with bigger jumps in certain villa and branded residential segments.For investors in Delhi NCR, the difference in yield is what makes it appealing. In NCR, residential real estate usually only gets rental yields of 2-3%, even in the best areas. Goa's economy works in a different way. Tourism demand is no longer confined to winters, which used to be the peak season for visits. A favourable ecosystemThis ecosystem has also grown up. Managed rental platforms like Airbnb and companies like StayVista have made it easier to manage properties, find guests, and keep them in good shape. The market is still a little bit broken up, but investors today don't rely as much on informal local networks and can more easily work in a structured, service-led setting. A villa in North Goa is becoming more and more like a hybrid asset, with some parts being residential and some parts being for hospitality. Shift in buyer intentThe change in buyer intent is just as important. The move to remote and hybrid work after the pandemic has stabilised in fields like consulting, media, and entrepreneurship. For some of Delhi's professionals, where they work is now more flexible than it used to be. Goa is a different base that has less people, is better for the environment, and improves your lifestyle without necessarily affecting your income. Because of this, properties are being used differently. People no longer just use their homes once in a while; they live in them, rent them out, and move them around throughout the year. This mixed-use model improves both asset use and overall returns, making the case for the investment even stronger.A change in real estate marketThe real estate market has also changed. It used to be limited to small developments and standalone villas, but now there is a slow move toward more organized offerings. Gated communities, branded homes, and design-led developments are becoming more common, especially in North Goa. This is because investors want more and developers are working in a more organized way.According to Sunil Sisodiya, Founder & Chairman, Neworld Developers, "The shift is not anecdotal. It rests on two solid measures. To begin with, Goa garnered a massive number of tourists in 2025, the strongest demand-side signal for any real estate market in India. Second, a number of brokerage and market trackers report that the prime micro-markets in Goa have experienced annual property price escalation annually. They are both changing the game for investor behaviour at a fundamental level."Growth in infrastructureInfrastructure has sped up this change even more. Manohar International Airport is now open for business, which has made it much easier to get there, especially for people from North India. As connectivity gets better, new micro-markets are opening up and people are feeling less like they can't travel. For investors, this means that occupancy rates are likely to go up and long-term liquidity will be better. This trend at the portfolio level is also a sign of a bigger strategic change. Delhi-NCR's real estate market is still stable, but it isn't making huge gains in all of its micro-markets anymore. Investors are more and more interested in investing in different places, and Goa has a unique demand base. In NCR, demand is mostly driven by end users, but in Goa, there are many different types of demand, such as tourists, long-term professionals, expatriates, and lifestyle buyers.That being said, the market isn't easy to understand. It takes a lot of work to make sure that the rules are clear, especially when it comes to land titles, zoning rules, and rental licenses. Also, if you don't think carefully about when to enter, the risk of overvaluation goes up when prices move quickly in some areas. The real estate market in Goa is changing, but it isn't quite the same everywhere yet. What makes this phase different is the type of capital that is coming into the market. More and more investors, especially those from Delhi, are coming to Goa not just to take advantage of good deals, but as part of a more planned allocation strategy that takes into account yield, appreciation, and lifestyle value.In a lot of ways, Goa is now the place where real estate and hospitality, consumption and investment all come together. The state is moving from the edge of India's investment landscape to a more central position as tourism demand grows and real estate activity picks up. Investor interest is following suit.
Jensen Huang bans one-on-one meetings, and Airbnb's Brian Chesky doesn't use email -- meet the CEOs with unconventional work-life rules
White-collar workers have fallen into the mundane rhythm of office life: checking an endless stream of emails, sitting through a barrage of meetings, and pushing through mental fatigue by week's end. But some CEOs are rewriting norms of the corporate world, leading billion- and trillion-dollar companies on their own terms. Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang: no one-on-one meetings Huang, the cofounder and CEO of $4.8 trillion technology giant Nvidia, is trimming the fat from his work routine by prioritizing efficiency over regular check-ins. The leader doesn't believe that frequent catch-ups with his 55 direct reports are the best use of his time, given that a continuous stream of meetings would only clog up his work schedule and slow him down. "I don't do one-on-one's with any of them," Huang said at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research summit in 2024. His broader goal is to maintain transparency within one of the world's largest companies. "They never hear me say something to them that is only for them to know," the billionaire continued. "There's not one piece of information that I somehow secretly tell the staff; I don't tell the rest of the company." Huang still has regular catch-ups with his executive team, and if an employee genuinely needs to get in touch with him, he'll "drop everything for them," the CEO added. However, limiting time-consuming meetings helps Huang and the company move faster in the AI race. "In that way, our company was designed for agility," Huang said. "For information to flow as quickly as possible. For people to be empowered by what they are able to do, not what they know." Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky: no emails or early-morning meetings Chesky said that no leader should apologize for how they choose to run their businesses, and he's unabashedly following his own advice. For one, the chief executive of the $86 billion short-term rental platform no longer bothers with the bane of many workers' existence: emailing. Instead, he texts and calls to get his job done. "[Emailing] was the thing about my job that I hated the most before the pandemic," Chesky told The Wall Street Journal last year. And that's not the only corporate norm Chesky has snubbed: the Airbnb CEO, who hits peak creativity late into the night, also doesn't take meetings before 10 a.m. The rise-and-grind norm of Silicon Valley CEOs doesn't apply to the self-made billionaire. "When you're CEO," Chesky said, "you can decide when the first meeting of the day is." United Airlines CEO Scott Kirby: office power naps Kirby said that an impromptu office nap is his trick to staying sharp over his decades-long career in business. He even slept on the floor until United staffers found out about his habit, and rushed to get him a couch for some quality shut eye.
Unconventional "Superionic" State Of Matter Could Exist Deep Within Uranus And Neptune
The rest of this article is behind a paywall. Please sign in or subscribe to access the full content. Based on measurements from Earth and up close from the Voyager 2 spacecraft, planetary scientists believe that under atmospheric layers rich in hydrogen and helium, Uranus and Neptune might sport layers of "hot ices" resting above a rocky core. These ices are mainly water ice, methane, and ammonia, though due to the high temperatures and pressures, some weird phase of matter might emerge. The authors of this new research produced quantum physics simulations of what would happen to carbon hydride - a simple carbon-hydrogen molecule - under extreme conditions: pressures from nearly 5 million to nearly 30 million times atmospheric pressure, and temperatures normally found on the surface of the Sun. They found that a superionic material emerges with truly unconventional properties. A superionic substance is a solid-liquid hybrid where one type of atom is in a crystalline lattice, while the other type of atom moves. In this case, the carbon is organized in hexagonal structures, and the hydrogen moves about, but only along a spiral pathway, making this a quasi-one-dimensional superionic state. "This newly predicted carbon-hydrogen phase is particularly striking because the atomic motion is not fully three-dimensional," study author Ronald Cohen, from Carnegie Science, said in a statement. "Instead, hydrogen moves preferentially along well-defined helical pathways embedded within an ordered carbon structure." The existence of such a theorized state of matter might have big implications for the planets. It could affect internal electrical conductivity and magnetism. The magnetic field of Uranus, for example, is a complicated mess. Uranus spins, roughly, on its side, pointing one pole and then the other at the Sun. Its magnetic field is misaligned by 59 degrees, and it doesn't even go through the planet's center. Could the superionic carbon-hydrogen phase help explain that? Understanding the origin of the ice giants' magnetisms might have to pass through some exotic and unconventional substances deep within them. This has also got implications for the many exoplanets out there. Whether similar or not in appearance to our own ice giants, they could have some unexpected state of matter lying within. "Carbon and hydrogen are among the most abundant elements in planetary materials, yet their combined behavior at giant-planet conditions remains far from fully understood," study author Cong Liu, also from Carnegie Science, concluded.
mRNA Vaccines Activate Unconventional CD8+ T Cells
In the evolving landscape of vaccine technology, mRNA and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platforms have revolutionized our approach to immunization, particularly with the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. These novel vaccines function by delivering mRNA sequences encoding specific protein antigens into host cells, thereby inducing in vivo antigen production, which in turn stimulates adaptive immune responses including both B cells and T cells. While it is well-established that B cells can be activated directly through the recognition of these protein antigens, the mechanisms steering T cell activation, particularly CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), remain incompletely understood within the context of mRNA-LNP vaccination. Historically, activation of CD8 T cells necessitates antigen processing and presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Conventional dendritic cells type 1 (cDC1s) have been recognized as pivotal players in cross-presentation -- a process whereby exogenous antigens are presented on MHC-I molecules -- which is critical for cytotoxic T cell priming in viral infections, tumor immunity, and with certain vaccine modalities such as protein- and cDNA-based vaccines. Despite this, the precise role of cDC1 cells and the associated cross-presentation machinery in the context of mRNA-LNP vaccines had not been firmly established, prompting a detailed investigation in this latest study led by Jo, Li, Thakur, and colleagues. The researchers provide compelling evidence that, contrary to prior assumptions, effective CD8 T cell priming following mRNA-LNP vaccination does not solely depend on cDC1 cells or the canonical WDFY4-dependent cross-presentation pathway. Utilizing genetically engineered mouse models deficient in cDC1 cells and components essential for classical cross-presentation, the team demonstrated that CD8 T cell responses were maintained. This indicates a redundancy in dendritic cell subsets capable of instigating cytotoxic T cell immunity, thus broadening the understanding of APC roles in response to mRNA vaccines. One of the pivotal findings is that both cDC1 and cDC2 dendritic cell subsets can independently prime CD8 T cells, suggesting a level of functional plasticity that can compensate for the absence of one subset. Crucially, though these individually primed CD8 T cells exhibited distinct phenotypic characteristics, both subsets were capable of mediating potent anti-tumor immunity and the formation of immunological memory. This finding has profound implications for vaccine design, highlighting the resilience and adaptability of cellular immune responses elicited by mRNA-LNP platforms. Delving further into the mechanisms underlying these observations, the study uncovers the significant role of a process known as "cross-dressing," wherein cDCs acquire peptide-MHC-I complexes directly from non-hematopoietic cells. This alternative pathway of antigen presentation substantially contributes to the priming of CD8 T cells during mRNA vaccination. Notably, the effectiveness of cross-dressing relies on type I interferon signaling, a critical component of the innate immune response that enhances the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate T cell responses. This discovery sheds light on why mRNA-LNP vaccines can potently activate CD8 T cells against antigens that may not be directly encoded by the vaccine itself, a phenomenon that could not be easily explained by classical antigen presentation pathways alone. The induction of cross-dressing by mRNA vaccines potentially broadens the spectrum of antigen targets, implying that these vaccines might harness unconventional but highly efficient immune activation routes. Importantly, the study's insights challenge and expand the current paradigms of immune activation by nucleic acid vaccines. By demonstrating that mRNA-LNP vaccines bypass strict reliance on cDC1 and cross-presentation, the research opens avenues for optimizing vaccine formulations to exploit multiple dendritic cell subsets and innate immune pathways, potentially enhancing the breadth, potency, and durability of CD8 T cell responses. The broader implications extend to cancer immunotherapy, where robust and durable cytotoxic T cell responses are critical for tumor clearance. The ability of mRNA vaccines to stimulate CD8 T cells through unconventional dendritic cell activation pathways may translate into improved strategies for cancer vaccine development. Moreover, understanding the role of cross-dressing could inform approaches to circumvent immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumors or persistent viral infections. From a mechanistic perspective, the study also underscores the intricate interplay between innate signaling pathways, such as type I interferon, and antigen presentation processes. Type I interferons appear to orchestrate the acquisition of peptide-MHC-I complexes by dendritic cells, reinforcing the notion that successful vaccine-induced immunity depends on finely-tuned coordination between innate and adaptive immune components. The findings encourage revisiting the design of adjuvants and delivery systems within mRNA vaccines to harness or amplify these unconventional pathways. Tailoring vaccine constructs to promote enhanced cross-dressing and engagement of both cDC1 and cDC2 subsets could yield more potent and broadly effective vaccines, not only against infectious diseases but also in immuno-oncology. In summary, the research led by Jo et al. reveals an unexpected flexibility in dendritic cell-mediated CD8 T cell priming by mRNA-LNP vaccines, highlighting cross-dressing as a substantial contributor to their immunogenic profile. This revelation enriches the conceptual framework of vaccine immunology and provides a platform for innovation in next-generation vaccine strategies focused on eliciting robust cellular immunity. As the field progresses, these mechanistic insights furnish a foundation for developing mRNA vaccines capable of eliciting comprehensive immune protection through multiple complementary antigen presentation pathways. Such advances hold promise for addressing emerging infectious diseases and improving therapeutic vaccine design for cancer and chronic infections globally. Subject of Research: Unconventional pathways of CD8 T cell priming induced by mRNA vaccines involving dendritic cell cross-dressing and type I interferon-dependent mechanisms. Article Title: mRNA vaccines engage unconventional pathways in CD8 T cell priming. Article References: Jo, S., Li, L., Thakur, C. et al. mRNA vaccines engage unconventional pathways in CD8 T cell priming. Nature (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10353-6
mRNA vaccines engage unconventional pathways in CD8+ T cell priming - Nature
All mice were housed in our specific-pathogen-free facility under 12 h-12 h light-dark cycles, maintained at 70 °F and 50% humidity, in compliance with institutional and AAALAC-accredited Animal Studies Committee guidelines at Washington University in St Louis, following all relevant ethical regulations. For CD11c-DTR BM chimeras, CD45.1 SJL recipient mice were lethally irradiated (1,050 rads X-ray). Within 12-18 h after irradiation, the recipient mice were i.v. injected with ≥5 × 10 BM cells obtained from CD11c-DTR donor mice. For WT- or MHC-I TKO-to-SJL BM chimeras, SJL recipient mice were depleted of NK cells by i.p. injection of 100 μg anti-NK1.1 antibody (PK136, Leinco Technologies, N123). The next day, the recipient mice were lethally irradiated (1,050 rads X-ray). Within 12-18 h after irradiation, the recipient mice were i.v. injected with ≥5 × 10 BM cells obtained from either WT or MHC-I TKO donor mice. For WT or Δ32-to-SJL or MHC-I TKO BM chimeras, SJL or MHC-I TKO recipient mice were lethally irradiated (1,050 rads X-ray). Within 12-18 h after irradiation, the recipient mice were i.v. injected with ≥5 × 10 BM cells obtained from either WT or Δ32 donor mice. For B6 and BALB/c allogeneic BM chimera, recipient B6 and BALB/c mice were lethally irradiated with 1,050 rads and 650 rads X-ray, respectively. Donor BM from B6 or BALB/c mice was collected and treated with ACK lysis buffer to remove erythrocytes. T cells were depleted from donor BM suspensions by incubating cells with biotinylated anti-CD4 (GK1.5, BioLegend) and anti-CD8β (YTS156.7.7, BioLegend) antibodies, followed by magnetic depletion using MagniSort Streptavidin Negative Selection Beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific). After T cell depletion, ≥5 × 10 cells of prepared BM were i.v. injected into irradiated recipient mice. All BM chimera recipients were allowed to reconstitute for at least 7 weeks before use in experiments. Flow cytometry and cell sorting were performed using either the Aurora flow cytometer (Cytek) or FACSAria Fusion (BD) system. Data acquisition was performed using BD FACSDiva software, and analyses were conducted using FlowJo v.10.10.0 (BD Biosciences). Surface staining was performed at 4 °C in the presence of Fc block (2.4G2) in magnetic-activated cell-sorting (MACS) buffer (PBS supplemented with 0.5% BSA and 2 mM EDTA). For depletion-based sort purification of OT-I T cells and splenic DCs, the following biotinylated anti-mouse antibodies were used: B220 (RA3-6B2), Ly6G (1A8), CD3ε (145-2C11), CD19 (6D5), TER119 (TER-119), CD8β (YTS156.7.7) and CD4 (GK1.5) (all from BioLegend), and CD105 (MJ7/18) (from Invitrogen). Biotinylated cells were detected with BV650-conjugated Streptavidin (BioLegend, 405231) and PE-Cy7-conjugated Streptavidin (BioLegend, 405206). For biotin- and fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies, the following anti-mouse antibodies were used. From BioLegend: AF488-conjugated B220 (RA36B2, 103225), AF647-conjugated SIGLECH (551, 129608), BV510-conjugated I-A/E (M5/114.15.2, 100752), FITC-conjugated KLRG1 (2F1/KLRG1, 138409), PE- and BV421-conjugated XCR1 (ZET, 148204 and 148216), PE-Cy7-conjugated CD24 (M1/69, 138508), APC-Cy7-conjugated SIRPα (P84, 110716), BV605- and BV510-conjugated CD8α (53-6.7, 100751 and 100752), APC-Cy7-conjugated CD45.1 (A20, 110716), PE-Cy7-conjugated CD45.2 (104, 109814), BV421-conjugated H-2Kb (AF6-88.5, 116525), PE-conjugated H-2Db (KH95, 111508), PE-conjugated Vα2 (B20.1, 127808), APC-conjugated CD44 (IM7, 103028 and), PerCP-Cy5.5-conjugated CD62L (MEL14, 104432), biotin-conjugated CD69 (FN50, 310924), FITC-conjugated CD3ε (145-2C11, 100306), FITC-conjugated CD11b (M1/70, 101206), BV711-conjugated CD4 (GK1.5, 100447), AF700-conjugated F4/80 (BM8, 123130), BV421-conjugated Ly6C (HK1.4, 128032), BV711-conjugated CD115/CSF-1R (AFS98, 135515) and APC-conjugated CD226 (10E5, 128810). From BD Biosciences: BUV395-conjugated CD45R/B220 (RA3-6B2), BUV395-conjugated KIT (2B8), BV421-conjugated CD127 (Sb/199) and PE-CF594-conjugated Flt3 (A2F10.1). From Invitrogen: APC-eF780-conjugated CD44 (IM7), APC-eF780-conjugated CD11c (N418) and PerCP-ef710-conjugated Sirpα (P84). For in vivo IFNAR1 blockade, 2 mg of anti-mouse IFNAR-1 antibody (MAR1-5A3, Leinco Technologies, I-401) was administered by i.p. injection every 7 days, beginning 1 day before immunization (day -1 and day 6). LNs were collected and enzymatically digested in complete IMDM (I10F; Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium with 2ME, NEAA, glutamine, penicillin-streptomycin and 10% FBS) supplemented with 30 U ml of DNase I (Sigma-Aldrich) and 250 μg ml of collagenase B (Roche) for 30-45 min at 37 °C. After digestion, single-cell suspensions were filtered through 70-μm strainers, APCs were sorted as B220MHC-IICD11cXCR1CD172α (cDC1), B220MHC-IICD11cXCR1CD172α (cDC2) and B220MHC-II (B cells) cells. For cDC staining, spleen and LNs were collected and enzymatically digested in I10F supplemented with 30 U ml of DNase I (Sigma-Aldrich) and 250 μg ml of collagenase B (Roche) for 30-45 min at 37 °C. After digestion, single-cell suspensions were filtered through a 70-μm strainer and stained for flow cytometry analysis. For CD8 T cell staining, spleen, LNs and peripheral blood were collected, mechanically dissociated and passed through a 70-μm strainer for single-cell suspensions. After ACK lysis, cells were stained for flow cytometry. BM was collected from the femurs, tibias and pelvis by mechanical disruption using a mortar and pestle in MACS buffer. Cell suspensions were passed through a 70-µm strainer, erythrocytes were lysed with ACK buffer and the resulting cells were stained for flow cytometry. Mice were perfused with cold PBS containing 2 mM EDTA before tissue collection. Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius-soleus muscles were dissected, trimmed of fat and nerves, and processed for immune-cell isolation using a Percoll gradient. Muscles were minced in IMDM and digested in collagenase D 1.0 mg ml, DNase I 30 U ml in IMDM at 37 °C for 45 min with shaking. Digestion was stopped with I10F, and suspensions were filtered through a 70-µm mesh and pelleted. Cell pellets were resuspended in 40% Percoll-RPMI and overlaid onto 80% Percoll-PBS, then centrifuged at 1,400g for 15 min without brake. Leukocytes at the 40%/80% interface were collected, washed with I10F and stained for flow cytometry. Cap 1 N1meΨ OVA mRNA was provided by Innovac Therapeutics or purchased from PackGene. OVA mRNA or dead (non-coding) mRNA LNPs were formulated in lipids at molar ratios of 50:38.5:10:1.5 (ionizable lipid SM-102:cholesterol:DSPC:DMG-PEG2000). LNP size and size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, stability and endotoxin level were rigorously tested. mLama4 mRNA was provided by R.D.S. For in vivo studies, 50 µl mRNA-LNP containing 10 µg mRNA was injected i.m. into the gastrocnemius muscle. Unless indicated otherwise, mRNA-LNP was administered on day 0 and day 7, and the immune responses were measured at day 11. Plasmid DNA encoding the full-length OVA was amplified in Escherichia coli DH5α (Invitrogen) and purified using the NucleoBond Maxi Plasmid DNA Purification kit (Macherey-Nagel). Empty pcDNA3.1(+) vector DNA was used as control. DNA vaccination was performed using a Helios gene gun (Bio-Rad). Mice were vaccinated with 4 µg of DNA at 3-day intervals (day 0, 3 and 6) for a total of three doses. DNA was delivered to non-overlapping shaved and depilated abdominal areas, with helium discharge pressure set to 400 p.s.i. Immune responses were measured 5 days after the last gene gun vaccination (day 11). Soluble ovalbumin (low endotoxin; Worthington, LS003509) was dissolved in PBS and emulsified 1:1 (v/v) with AddaVax (InvivoGen; vac-adx-10) at 4 °C by vortexing for 2 min. Mice were immunized i.m. with 50 μl of emulsion containing 10 µg OVA on days 0 and 7, into the same flank. Freeze-thawed Abelson-mOVA cells were used to standardize antigen quantity without cell proliferation, as previously described. In brief, Abelson-mOVA cells were generated by retroviral transduction of Abl-MuLV-transformed MHC-I TKO BM tumour cell line with a membrane-OVA construct (Abl-MuLV was a gift from B. Sleckman). Cells underwent three rapid freeze-thaw cycles and were stored at -20 °C until use. Mice were immunized with 3.3 × 10 freeze-thawed Abelson-mOVA cells. LNs and spleens from CD45.1 OT-I mice were collected, mechanically dissociated into and passed through 70-μm strainers to generate a single-cell suspension. Erythrocytes were lysed with ammonium-chloride-potassium bicarbonate (ACK) lysis buffer. Cells were depleted of TER-119-, I-A/E-, Ly-6G- and B220-expressing cells by incubation with biotinylated antibodies for 20 min at 4 °C, followed by depletion with MagniSort Streptavidin Negative Selection Beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Naive OT-I cells were sorted as B220CD45.1CD4CD8Vα2CD44CD62L, washed with PBS and labelled with CTV proliferation dyes (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For ex vivo cross-presentation assays, 2.5 × 10 CTV-labelled OT-I cells were co-cultured with sorted cDC1, cDC2 or B cells isolated from dLNs or cLNs 2 days after immunization. Co-cultures were performed in a well of U-bottom 96-well plates. After 3 days, cells were washed, surface-stained with antibodies and analysed for CTV dilution and CD44 expression. For in vivo antigen-presentation assays, 5 × 10 CTV-labelled naive OT-I cells were i.v. transferred into recipient mice. Then, 1 day later, the mice were immunized with the indicated antigens. At the indicated timepoints, spleens were collected and erythrocyte lysed with ACK buffer, and CD45.1 OT-I cells were analysed for CTV dilution and CD44 expression. In OT-I proliferation assays, the average division number was calculated as ∑(fraction of total OT-I cells in division n × n) based on the peak of the undivided control without immunization and the peak for each division automatically fit by FlowJo software. The gate boundaries were adjusted to the lowest population between two peaks. For T cell egress blockade, 1 mg per kg body weight of FTY720 (Sigma-Aldrich, SML0700) was administered by i.p. injection in 150 μl PBS 1 day after OT-I cell adaptive transfer. For blockade of naive T cell entry to lymphoid organs, splenectomy was performed by WashU Medicine Animal Surgery Core under anaesthesia using standard surgical removal of the spleen, followed by closure of peritoneum and skin. Mice were monitored daily for 4 days to ensure recovery. On day 5 after surgery, mice were injected i.p. with 200 μg anti-CD62L (MEL-14; Leinco Technologies, C2118). Then, 6 h later, the mice were adoptively transferred i.v. with CTV-labelled naive OT-I cells. The next day, mice were immunized with 0.1 μg OVA mRNA-LNP. Spleens were collected and passed through 70-μm strainers to generate single-cell suspensions. After erythrocyte lysis with ACK lysis buffer, cells were resuspended in MACS buffer. After counting with a ViCell analyser, 3 × 10 splenocytes were used for staining. APC- and PE-conjugated H-2Kb chicken ova 257-264 SIINFEKL tetramers (NIH Tetramer Core Facility) were added at a concentration of 1:100 in MACS buffer containing 10% Fc Block (2.4G2) and incubated at 37 °C for 15 min. Without washing, fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies for surface staining were then added directly and incubated at 4 °C for 30 min. The ELISpot assay was performed using the Mouse IFNγ (ALP) ELISpot Plus Kit (Mabtech) according to the manufacturer's instructions. In brief, mouse spleen cell suspensions (1 × 10-2 × 10 cells) after ACK lysis were incubated in triplicate for 20 h with or without the presence of 1 μM SIINFEKL peptide (AnaSpec). After extensive washes, biotinylated detection antibody was added followed by streptavidin-ALP and insoluble BCIP/NBT-plus substrate. Plates were scanned and analysed on an ImmunoSpot Reader (CTL). The contralateral inguinal LN was fixed for 6 h shaking at 4 °C in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) (Santacruz, sc-281692) that was adjusted to pH 9.0 with triethanolamine. LNs were washed out of PFA in 1× PBS with 10 U ml heparin, embedded in 4% low-melting-point agarose, and sectioned into 200-μm sagittal slices using the LeicaVT1200 vibratome. The sections were blocked in ADAPT-3D blocking buffer (Leinco, B673) for 1 h and then stained with primary antibodies against CD11c (Bio-Rad, MCA1369, N418) and F4/80 (BioLegend, 123101, BM8) diluted 1:200 from a stock concentration of 1 mg ml in ADAPT-3D blocking buffer and left shaking at room temperature overnight. The sections were washed in 1× PBS with 10 U ml heparin and 0.2% Tween-20, three times for 1 h each. The sections were stained with secondary antibodies overnight (Jackson ImmunoResearch, Cy3 goat anti-Armenian hamster IgG, 127-165-160; AF647 donkey anti-rat IgG, 712-605-153) diluted 1:300 from a stock concentration of 1.5 mg ml in ADAPT-3D blocking buffer after first passing through a 0.22-μm PVDF filter (Millex, SLGVR04NL) and with anti-CD169 (Bio-Rad, MCA947GA, MOMA-1) directly conjugated with CF488 (Biotium, 92253). The sections were washed in 1× PBS with 10 U ml heparin and 0.2% Tween-20 three times for 1 h each. For three sections per LN, a tilescan with 9-μm z stacks was acquired with a ×20 lens (air, 0.8 NA) on a Leica SP8 confocal microscope. Images were Gaussian or median filtered using Imaris v.10.1.1 and representative images were exported as a maximum-intensity projection. The 1956 tumour cell line expressing membrane-bound ovalbumin (1956-mOVA) was derived from the methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma 1956 tumour (from R.D.S.), as previously described. The original tumour was generated in a female C57BL/6 mouse, tested for mycoplasma contamination and banked at low passage. For experiments, tumour cells were thawed from frozen stocks and cultured for 4-6 days in vitro with one intervening passage in RPMI medium supplemented with 2ME, NEAA, glutamine, penicillin-streptomycin and 10% FBS (R10F). On the day of injection, tumour cells were collected by trypsinization, washed three times with PBS and resuspended at 6.67 × 10 cells per ml. Mice were subcutaneously injected into the shaved flank with 1 × 10 cells. Tumour growth was monitored every 3-5 days using callipers. Two perpendicular diameters of tumour mass were measured and multiplied to calculate the tumour area (mm). In accordance with IACUC-approved protocol, tumours were not permitted to exceed 20 mm in maximal diameter at any point. In vivo killing assays were performed on mice 6 weeks after the second OVA mRNA-LNP immunization. Splenocytes from naive CD45.1 SJL mice were collected, ACK lysed and prepared as a single-cell suspension. Cells were resuspended in I10F at 2 × 10 cells per ml, and divided into two equal fractions and pulsed with either 1 μg ml SIINFEKL or 1 μg ml irrelevant control peptide for 30 min at 37 °C. Cells were then washed twice with PBS and stained at 5 µM for CTV or at 0.5 µM for CTV for 10 min at 37 °C, and mixed at a ratio of 1:1 immediately before transfer. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software v.10. Centre values represent the mean and the error bars indicate s.d. unless otherwise specified. For groups that are not assumed to have equal variances, Welch's or Brown-Forsythe one-way ANOVA was used. OVA-tetramer-specific splenic cells were isolated from WT, Δ32 and Δ1+2+3 mice and washed with 1× PBS containing 0.04% BSA. Before fluorescence-activated cell sorting, cells from each individual mouse were stained with hashtag oligonucleotides (HTOs) to enable multiplexing and improve sample throughput. cDNA was prepared after the GEM generation and barcoding, followed by the GEM-RT reaction and bead clean-up steps. Purified cDNA was amplified for 11-16 cycles before being cleaned-up using SPRIselect beads. The samples were then run on a Bioanalyzer to determine the cDNA concentration. V(D)J target enrichment (TCR) was performed on the full-length cDNA. Gene expression, enriched TCR and feature libraries were prepared as recommended by the 10x Genomics 'Chromium GEM-X Single Cell 5' Reagent Kits User Guide (v3 Chemistry Dual Index) with Feature Barcoding technology for Cell Surface Protein and Immune Receptor Mapping' user guide, with appropriate modifications to the PCR cycles based on the calculated cDNA concentration. For sample preparation on the 10x Genomics platform, the Chromium GEM-X Single Cell 5' Kit v3, 16 rxns (PN-1000699), Chromium GEM-X Single Cell 5' Chip Kit (PN-1000698), Chromium Single Cell Mouse TCR Amplification Kits (PN-1000254), Dual Index Kit TT Set A, 96 rxns (PN-1000215), Chromium GEM-X Single Cell 5' Feature Barcode Kit v3, 16 rxns (PN-1000703) and Dual Index Kit TN Set A, 96 rxns (PN-1000250) were used. The concentration of each library was accurately determined by quantitative PCR using the KAPA library Quantification Kit according to the manufacturer's protocol (KAPA Biosystems/Roche) to produce cluster counts appropriate for the Illumina NovaSeq6000 instrument. Normalized libraries were sequenced on the NovaSeqX plus S4 Flow Cell using the XP workflow and a 151 × 10 × 10 × 151 sequencing recipe according to the manufacturer's protocol. A median sequencing depth of 50,000 reads per cell was targeted for each gene expression library and 5,000 reads per cell for each V(D)J and feature library. The reads for each sequencing library were then aligned and quantitated with 10x CellRanger v.9.0.1 against the 10x standard refdata-gex-mm10-2020-A mouse gene reference and refdata-cellranger-vdj-GRCm38-alts-ensembl-7.0.0 VDJ reference according to the manufacturer's protocol. Single-cell gene expression analysis was performed in R (v.4.4.0) using the Seurat package (v.5.3.0). HTO data were first normalized individually for each sample (Supplementary Table 2) and demultiplexed using the HTODemux function; only singlet cells were retained for further analysis. Cells with >5% mitochondrial gene expression were excluded, and only those expressing between 200 and 4,000 genes were retained to remove low-quality cells and potential doublets. After quality control, data from all samples were merged and normalized. The 3,000 most-variable genes were identified, and mitochondrial, ribosomal and TCR genes were excluded from this list to avoid biases associated with highly abundant or cell-type-specific transcripts. The data were then scaled, principal component analysis was performed followed by batch correction and data integration using Harmony. Dimensionality reduction of the integrated matrix was carried out using UMAP based on the first 30 principal components. Phenotypic clusters were identified by constructing a k-nearest neighbours graph and applying the Louvain algorithm with a resolution parameter of 0.4. For TCR repertoire analysis, cell phenotype, sample identity and mouse ID information were extracted from the integrated metadata for each cell. TCR sequences were successfully annotated for 46,051 cells and used for downstream clonotype analyses. Cells sharing identical CDR3αβ amino acid sequences were defined as belonging to the same TCR clone. Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article.
5 unconventional road trip snacks
As a Midwestern girl, road trips are something that have been ingrained in my life since childhood. Whether it's the 27 hour trip to Florida from my hometown in Wisconsin or the eight hour trip to Chicago, snacks are the most make-or-break addition to the experience. After driving back to campus after spring break, I realized I've mastered my snack setup and learned the most efficient ways to eat the least efficient foods. Here are some of my favorite avant-garde road trip snacks. Chips with a hint of lime and chunky salsa Starting off strong with my absolute favorite road trip snack: Tostitos Hint of Lime chips and salsa. Now, I am not picky about what salsa I'm using. However, I prefer my salsa to be super chunkily diced, including the massive tomatoes, peppers, and lots of corn and beans. The runnier the salsa, the more difficult it is to eat while driving, so naturally I lean away from it. But I will also eat super finely sliced and diced homemade salsa if the opportunity presents itself. This snack usually evokes the strongest reaction out of others when I suggest it, but honestly, super spicy chips and salsa in the car with nothing but a water bottle and the open road creates an unforgettable experience -- for better or for worse. Trader Joe's buffalo style chicken dip and pretzels You've already probably sensed a theme. For some reason I love a dip and a crunchy add-on at the most inconvenient times, such as on a freeway or two lane highway. This buff-chick dip is something that has been recently added to my road trip snack list, but it is worth it every time. I love pretzels, but sometimes they can be too bread-y, so adding a cold, cream cheese based dip helps to lighten the dish. Pro tip: buy the mini coolers from Trader Joe's as well to keep several dips and a drink cold for you. I also highly recommend the chunky guacamole or any cheese dip to either go with the left over hint of lime chips or the pretzels. Pomegranates and raspberries As arguably the least controversial food on this list, I almost didn't mention these fruits, but I must speak my truth. When I would drive back home to Wisconsin from Iowa or vice versa, I would buy one of the large containers of raspberries and cut up five pomegranates and eat them out of a glass bowl that I had stolen from my parents kitchen. As stated before, I like to keep my meals light, so these fruits are more than ideal. They also provide the perfect break from all of the savory dips I often have packed. Similarly, in my messy car eating fashion, I either eat them with my bare hands or with my car spoon -- that is, the spoon that stays in my car in case of emergencies. Kwik Trip glazer donuts This may sound like a typical car snack to you guys, but I must admit that I absolutely hate stopping on car rides. If I'm by myself, I never stop when the trip is less than five hours, so stopping for a bite at Kwik Trip means something. Kwik Trip's glazer donuts are the best donuts, from their airy and flaky dough to the slightly crispy glaze topping. These donuts are one of the only sweets I deem necessary for a car ride. An oreo blizzard from Dairy Queen In addition to the largest-sized blizzard, you must also get the chicken strips and fries for dipping purposes. Within my trip from Wisconsin to Iowa, there is a Dairy Queen Grill and Chill at about the halfway mark, and this has been highly regarded as one of the only stops I'll allow on my lonesome, but I'm not getting out of the car, so does it really count as a stop? Nevertheless, if I'm getting a blizzard it's because I know some open road is coming where I'll really get the chance to appreciate the full sweetness of the ice cream without spilling all over myself.
Top Unconventional Tips for Saving Money on Gas
High gas prices often trigger a wave of articles offering tips to save money at the pump. However, many just recycle well-known advice. Tips like driving at consistent speeds or combining errands are often reiterated. Readers seek innovative and unconventional strategies to reduce fuel costs. Unconventional Tips for Saving Money on Gas At El-Balad, we believe it's time to explore unique approaches to fuel savings. Below are some unconventional yet intriguing ideas to consider. 1. Home Distillation for Fuel Recently, a U.S. appeals court ruled that the centuries-old ban on home distillation is unconstitutional. This change opens up new possibilities for saving on gas expenses. * Making homemade liquor is now legal. * With proper mechanical adjustments, your vehicle could potentially run on ethanol derived from home-distilled spirits. 2. DIY Biofuel Production Many gasolines already contain ethanol. By distilling your own spirits, you might convert them into biofuel. Here's how to get started: * Purchase a still online for approximately $100. * Gather necessary ingredients like corn and yeast. * Ensure access to clean water for the distillation process. While the initial investment may seem high, doing the work yourself can lead to substantial savings on fuel costs. 3. Rethink Your Fuel Source Another unconventional suggestion is to explore electric vehicles (EVs). With rising fuel prices, many individuals are considering EVs as a long-term investment. Factors influencing this decision include: * Current and projected gas prices. * Maintenance costs associated with traditional vehicles. * Incentives and rebates for EV purchases. 4. The Power of Community Engaging with a community of car enthusiasts can provide unstructured advice. Connect with others who share their experiential tips for managing fuel consumption. This could include: * Sharing insights about fuel-efficient driving habits. * Recommending alternative routes to minimize mileage. * Hosting vehicle maintenance workshops for better fuel efficiency. 5. Fuel-Saving Technologies Look into technology that can optimize fuel efficiency. From mobile applications to smart gadgets, the right tools can help track your driving habits and suggest improvements. The quest for unconventional methods to save money on gas encourages a creative mindset. By exploring alternative fuel sources, investing in technology, and engaging with communities, drivers can find new ways to combat high fuel prices. It's time to rethink how we approach fuel savings, moving beyond the standard advice available today.
YPF awards Halliburton unconventional completions contract in Argentina - Drilling Contractor
YPF awarded Halliburton a multibillion-dollar, multi-year contract to provide bundled unconventional completions services in the Vaca Muerta shale play in Argentina. The award followed a competitive process and establishes a dedicated, exclusive collaboration between the two companies. Under the contract, Halliburton will deploy its ZEUS electric fracturing services in their first international application. The agreement also includes the OCTIV Auto Frac service, part of Halliburton's OCTIV digital fracturing services environment.
Countdown to the mega IPO of SpaceX: A giant leap for insiders, a gigantic risk for public investors? | Mint
Summary SpaceX's IPO has more riding on it than size alone: indices like Nasdaq and S&P Dow Jones seem eager to rewrite inclusion rules for mega listings. Are equity platforms tilting away from investor interest? Index providers must decide who they serve: investors who track them or issuers who game them. The initial public offering (IPO) market is preparing for an era of superjumbo listings that threatens to shift the earth's financial axis. With SpaceX reportedly filing for a market debut that could eclipse Saudi Aramco's $29 billion record in size, the stakes have moved beyond mere capital raising. If successful, this launchpad will propel other decacorns -- Anthropic and OpenAI -- towards a collective $3 trillion public valuation. Yet, while these rockets are high-tech, the financial engineering behind them is as old-school as a smoky backroom deal. To accommodate these behemoths, major index providers -- Nasdaq, S&P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell -- are falling over themselves to rewrite the rulebooks. It is a spectacle of supine Wall Street courtship that threatens the very protections that turned passive investing into a global safe haven. Also Read | The IPO gamble: The odds seem stacked against investors Competition to host these trophy listings has led to extraordinary accommodations. Reports suggest that the SpaceX deal's gatekeepers -- investment banks, lawyers and auditors pitching for a piece of the action -- have been asked to subscribe to affiliated software products such as Grok, committing tens of millions of dollars to secure their seats. On Wall Street, mutual back-scratching is a heritage craft, but the scale here is a departure from tradition. It suggests a pay-to-play ecosystem where institutional friction is bypassed and service providers are forced to 'dog-food' the issuer's ancillary products just to gain access to the prized mandate. But if the advisors are compromised even before the prospectus is printed, the supposedly independent vetting process is effectively dead on arrival. The most corrosive changes, however, are occurring within the indices themselves. Index providers are weighing two primary 'reforms' designed to usher mega-cap firms into benchmarks with maximum speed and minimum transparency. These relate to seasoning and float rules. Also Read | The SpaceX IPO will be just as unconventional as Musk himself The death of price discovery: A 'seasoning' period, traditionally 3-12 months, is the market's cooling-off chamber. It lets the early IPO euphoria evaporate, giving way to an honest price once underwriter stabilization ends, before a new stock joins an index. Nasdaq is moving towards a fast-entry window of 15 trading days; the LSEG suggests a mere five. Data shows that firms with five-day seasoning periods raise 6% more capital at the outset, but their stock prices often crater by 10% in the months after inclusion. By slashing this window, index providers are effectively forcing passive funds to buy at the peak of the stock-hype cycle. The 'float' illusion: To ensure a stock is actually tradable, indices require a minimum free float (usually of 10%). However, modern founders increasingly favour dual-class structures to maintain control while offering the public only a sliver of equity. Nasdaq's solution is a masterpiece of circular logic. For large-cap stocks, they may waive liquidity rules and weight the company at five times its actual free float. Imagine a $1 trillion company that floats only 5% of its stock. Under these rules, index trackers would be forced to buy as if $250 billion were tradable. This creates a demand vacuum, the force of which would send the price spiralling up regardless of the company's fundamentals. This is a formula for extreme volatility and a direct assault on market efficiency. Also Read | Firms betting big money on frontier AI are the least likely to profit from it The urgency to rig rules is explained by the math. SpaceX is seeking a $1.75 trillion valuation on roughly $20 billion in revenue -- while its xAI unit acts as a money furnace. To sustain such astronomical valuations, the issuer needs forced buying. By demanding early inclusion, the issuer secures a guaranteed bid from an estimated $24 trillion tied to passive funds. These funds don't care about financial viability or revenue multiples; they buy because the spreadsheet dictates it. This isn't a public offering; it's an exit strategy for insiders to dump shares onto the retirement accounts of unsuspecting retail investors at a manufactured premium. Passive investing became the world's favourite strategy because it offered diversification, not a concentrated bet on a singular ego. Since 1980, almost every large firm that floated less than 5% of its stock has underperformed the market over the following three years. Index providers argue that benchmarks must adapt or risk becoming irrelevant as companies stay private longer. This is a false choice. Relevancy bought at the price of liquidity is a shortcut to a systemic crisis. Market plumbing is not neutral. The rules of indices and exchanges are the invisible hands that steer trillions of dollars. If those rules are designed to the shape of superstar firms, the plumbing ceases to be a public utility and becomes a private subsidy. If the guardians of the S&P 500 and Nasdaq-100 prioritize exchange fees over rigorous methodology, they risk turning the world's most trusted barometers into mirrors of a bubble. It is time for the adult supervisors of stock indices to decide whether they serve the investors who track them or the issuers who game them. The author is a former executive director, Nomura and currently a faculty member at several B-schools.
